Detección precoz del cáncer de cuello uterino y sus determinantes: Un análisis de los resultados de los exámenes en una clínica universitaria de la ciudad de Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay

Early detection of cervical cancer and its determinants: An analysis of exams at a university clinic in the city of Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59085/2789-7818.2022.49

Palavras-chave:

Cáncer, Diagnóstico Precoz, Papanicolau

Resumo

Este artículo presenta una investigación sobre el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer del cuello uterino (CCU) por medio del examen Papanicolau, abordando sus determinantes y factores en pacientes con características citopatológicas, que influyen para que el examen sea considerado como un instrumento sencillo y disponible a las mujeres de Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay. El CCU es una enfermedad causada por el papiloma humano virus (VPH) que afecta principalmente mujeres en edad reproductiva y es la segunda causa de cáncer en mujeres en Paraguay. Los VPH son un grupo de aproximadamente 200 virus, responsables por alrededor del 98% de los casos de CCU, donde cerca de 14 son considerados de alto riesgo. Histopatológicamente, el CCU se presenta por tumores de células escamosas, glandulares, mesenquimales o de células germinales, siendo que los primeros son reconocidos como lesiones precursoras o de estadio inicial. Este trabajo discute el cáncer de cuello uterino, su prevalencia y diagnóstico, a partir de un marco teórico basado en artículos científicos internacionales. La recolección de datos documentales se realizó a través de registros médicos de atención obtenidos en la Clínica Central de la Universidad Central del Paraguay. Este estudio retrospectivo es de corte transversal y analítico con un abordaje demográfico.

Palabras Clave: Cáncer, Diagnóstico Precoz, Papanicolau

 

Abstract

This article presents research on the early diagnosis of cervical cancer (CC) through the Pap test, addressing its determinants and factors in patients with cytopathological characteristics, which influence the examination to be considered as a simple instrument available to women in Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay. CC is a disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that mainly affects women of reproductive age and is the second cause of cancer in women in Paraguay. HPVs are a group of approximately 200 viruses, responsible for about 98% of CC cases, where about 14 are considered high risk. Histopathologically or logically, CC is presented by tumors of squamous, glandular, mesenchymal or germ cell tumors, the former being recognized as precursor lesions or from this to initial one. This paper discusses cervical cancer, its prevalence and diagnosis, from a theoretical framework based on international scientific articles. Documentary data were collected through medical records of care obtained at the Central Clinic  of the Central University of Paraguay. This retrospective study is cross-sectional and analytical with a demographic approach.

Keywords: Cancer, Early Diagnosis, Pap Smear

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

(1) Bal M, Suri A, Goyal R, Mohi M. Detection of abnormal cervical cytology in Papanicolaou smears. Journal of Cytology [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 Dec 2];29(1):45. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3307451/

(2) Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians [Internet]. 2021 Feb 4;71(3):209–49. Disponible en: https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21660

(3) Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Pineros M, et al. (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Disponible en: https://gco.iarc.fr/today

(4) National Cancer Institute. VPH and Cancer. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/VPH-and-cancer#what-is-VPH.

(5) Doorbar J, Griffin H. Refining our understanding of cervical neoplasia and its cellular origins. Papillomavirus Research. 2019 jun; 7:176–9.

(6) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). WHO Classification of Female Genital Tumours. 5th ed. Edited by the WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 2020.

(7) S.P. Somashekhar, K.R. A. Management of Early Stage Cervical Cancer. Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials. 2015 Oct 28;10(4):302–8. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26411950/.

(8) International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Vol. 10. Cervix Cancer Screening. Lyon, France: IARC; 2005. Disponible en: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Handbooks-Of-Cancer-Prevention/Cervical-Cancer-Screening-2022.

(9) Sankaranarayanan R. Screening for Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Annals of Global Health. 2014 Dec 13;80(5):412. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214999614003178.

(10) Schiffman M, Solomon D. Findings to Date From the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS). Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2003 Aug 1;127(8):946–9. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12873166/.

(11) Bedell SL, Goldstein LS, Goldstein AR, Goldstein AT. Cervical Cancer Screening: Past, Present, and Future. Sexual Medicine Reviews [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;8(1):28–37. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31791846/.

Publicado

2023-03-15

Como Citar

Chaves Pereira, H., Soares de Souza, P. A., Klassen Grzechota, S., dos Santos Guedes Gomes, S., da Silva Arruda, Y., & Fortaleza de Melo, J. I. . (2023). Detección precoz del cáncer de cuello uterino y sus determinantes: Un análisis de los resultados de los exámenes en una clínica universitaria de la ciudad de Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay: Early detection of cervical cancer and its determinants: An analysis of exams at a university clinic in the city of Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay. Revista MEDUCP, 2(4), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.59085/2789-7818.2022.49

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)